Exposição e reatividade do prematuro ao ruído em incubadora / Exposure and reactivity of the preterm infant to noise in the incubator

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a exposição e a reatividade do prematuro ao ruído intenso durante o cuidado em incubadora. Método Estudo observacional prospectivo na unidade de cuidados intermediários de um hospital de Ribeirão Preto (SP). Na primeira etapa do estudo (dimensionamento do ruído) participaram 35 prematuros e na segunda (análise da reatividade diante de um ruído intenso), 20. O ruído foi mensurado durante duas horas por um dosímetro e a reatividade filmada por três câmeras conectadas no computador. Diante de Lmáx superior a 65 decibéis analisou-se a reatividade dos prematuros. Resultados Todos os prematuros apresentaram Leq acima do limite recomendado por organizações internacionais e mais da metade dos bebês esteve com Leq médios superiores ao limite permitido em incubadora pela norma brasileira. Diante do ruído intenso, grande parte dos bebês desencadeou reflexo cócleo-palpebral, sobressalto, mímica facial, modificou as atividades corporais ou apresentou padrão de sono e vigília, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão Os níveis sonoros mensurados foram intensos. O ruído a que os prematuros estão expostos nas incubadoras durante os cuidados recebidos constitui um evento estressante, modifica o estado comportamental e desencadeia respostas reflexas, corporais, manifestações faciais e mudança no estado de sono e vigília diante dos ruídos intensos e súbitos.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate preterm infants' exposure and reactions to intense noise during incubator care. Methods An observational and prospective study was performed in the intermediary care unit of a hospital in Ribeirão Preto (SP). Thirty-five preterm infants participated in the first stage of the study (measuring noise) and 20 in the second (analysis of responses to intense noise). Noise was measured for two hours using a dosimeter, and the responses were video recorded by three cameras connected to a computer. The preterm infants' responses to an Lmax higher than 65 decibels were analyzed. Results Every preterm infant presented Leq above the limit recommended by international organizations, and more than half of the babies had a mean Leq above the limit permitted by the Brazilian standard. Regarding the babies' responses to the intense noise, the majority of them showed blink reflex, startle reflex, facial mimics, changed bodily activities or changed sleep and wake state, all with statistically significant differences. Conclusion The sound levels measured were intense. The noises that preterm infants are exposed to while being cared for in incubators constitute a stressor event. Sudden, intense noises change their behavioral state and causes reflexive and bodily responses, facial manifestations and changes in their sleep and wake state.

How to estimate the number of newborn bed needs in different Hospitals in Jordan

To find a mechanism by which we can assess the number of incubators and cots needed in different hospitals in Jordan. Data collected from newborn units of 23 Jordanian MOH hospitals. Directorate of Information Studies and Research collected these data in the year 2003.[1] The role of each of the following parameters calculated to find the best indicator for the number of newborn beds needed in each hospital, the number of population in that catchments area of each hospital, [2] the number of newborns delivered in that hospital, [3] number of admission to newborn units [4] and the average days of admission and occupancy rate.[5] The most important and significant parameter indicating the actual number of beds needed in newborn units in different hospitals studied, is the number of newborns delivered in that hospital per year. Needs of newborn units to incubators and cots is best calculated according to the number of newborns delivered in that hospitals. The need was found to be one bed for 222-303 newborn deliveries [3.3-4.5 bed per 1000 newborn delivered per year]